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蜱虫是一种人畜共患的皮外寄生虫,它在吸食宿主血液时将多种病原体传播给人类,引发人类多种疾病。为了成功地吸食宿主血液,蜱虫经过漫长的进化过程,使其唾液腺能够在吸血过程中产生多种抗凝物质,比如,凝血酶抑制剂、组织因子抑制剂、凝血因子抑制剂、激肽释放酶–激肽系统抑制剂、血小板聚集黏附抑制剂等。通过这些抗凝物质的直接单独作用或协同作用,蜱虫可以成功阻止其在吸食过程中宿主伤口的血液凝固,起到抗凝作用。该综述对蜱虫分泌的抗凝物质研究现状进行了阐述,为抗血栓药物的研发提供参考和新思路。
Ticks is a zoonotic pest that spreads many pathogens to humans while taking host blood, triggering many diseases in humans. To successfully inhale host blood, ticks undergo a lengthy evolutionary process that allows their salivary glands to produce multiple anticoagulants during blood-sucking processes such as thrombin inhibitors, tissue factor inhibitors, clotting factor inhibitors, kinin release Enzyme - kinin system inhibitors, platelet aggregation adhesion inhibitors. By acting alone or in synergy directly with these anticoagulant substances, ticks can successfully prevent blood clotting in the host’s wound during inhalation, acting as an anticoagulant. This review summarizes the research status of tick-secreting anticoagulant substances and provides references and new ideas for the development of antithrombotic drugs.