论文部分内容阅读
“落汤鸡”和“落水狗” 1991年1月13日,苏联东方研究所研究员谢米纳斯访问我,当谈到她在学汉语时,初次听人说“他象只落汤鸡”时吓了一跳,以为这个人遭到意外,遇到倒霉的事。原来她把汉语熟语“落汤鸡”与俄语熟语KaK Kyp Bo uIH(nonaa)(象鸡落到汤里)看做是同义的。岂知它们都是固定词组,虽然词的自由组合意义相同,形象一致,但作为固定词组的熟语却是各有其整体含义。汉语的“落汤鸡”比喻“浑身湿透”,而俄语的KaK Kyp Bo IKH(Hona~)则是“碰到倒霉事,遭到意外”。 无独有偶,有一个留学生看到淋湿的同学脱口说出,“你象只落水狗”。他是按照“落汤鸡”的语义类推出“落水狗”的语义。他以为,既然“落汤鸡”可形容“浑身湿透”,“落水狗”不是更能形容“浑身湿透”吗?鸡掉在热水里浑身湿透,难道狗掉到水里就不浑身湿透吗?这又是把熟语当作自由词组来理解了。岂知“落水狗”作为熟语,已有其整体含义:“失势的坏人”。所以,鲁迅曾说过要“痛打落水狗”。但决不能“痛打落汤鸡。” 谢米纳斯是研究词汇学的,她对两种语言的熟语对比饶有兴趣。她说,“‘落汤鸡’和KaKKyp BOuIH(nona~)是形象相同而语义不同,还有的熟语是形象不同,但语义相同。例如,汉语说“一箭双雕”,俄语却说y6}ITI,O~HHM Bb~CTpeJ
On January 13, 1991, Sheminus, a researcher at the Soviet Institute of Oriental Studies, visited me and was shocked when she first heard people say she was learning Chinese. I thought this person was unexpected, encountered unlucky things. She turned out to be synonymous with the Chinese idiom “drowned chicken” and the Russian idiom KaK Kyp Bo uIH (nonaa). Do you know that they are all fixed phrases, although the free combination of the words mean the same, the same image, but as a fixed phrase idioms but each has its own overall meaning. Chinese “drowned chicken” metaphor “drenched”, while Russian KaK Kyp Bo IKH (Hona ~) is “run into misfortune, was surprised.” Coincidentally, there is a student to see wet students blurted out, “You just like a dog.” He is in accordance with the “downstairs chicken” semantic class introduced the “water dog” semantics. He believes that since the “drowned chicken” can be described as “drenched”, “Water Dog” is not better described as “drenched” it? Chicken fell in the hot water soaked, can the dog fall into the water will not be drenched This is again the phrase as a free phrase to understand. Do you know “falling into the water dog” as an idiom, has its overall meaning: “the wicked loser.” Therefore, Lu Xun once said that it is necessary to “beating dogs.” But it must not be “a mess.” Sheminas, who studies lexicology, is interested in comparing idioms in both languages. She said, “’drowned chicken’ and KaKyphy BOUIH (nona ~) have the same image but different semantics, and some idioms have different images but the same semantics, for example, Chinese says” double-edged sword "and Russian says y6} ITI, O ~ HHM Bb ~ CTpeJ