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【目的】柱头外露是影响杂交水稻制种的一个重要性状。本研究旨在初步鉴定控制柱头外露率的QTL。【方法】以高柱头外露率粳稻两系不育系大S×低柱头外露率热带粳稻品系D50的F_2群体及海南陵水、浙江杭州两地重复种植的F_(2:3)群体为材料,考查F_2群体及陵水、杭州两地两次重复F_(2:3)群体单边柱头外露率(PSES)、双边柱头外露率(PDES)和柱头总外露率(PES)。【结果】相关分析表明,单边柱头外露率、双边柱头外露率和柱头总外露率之间存在极显著的正相关。根据构建的大S×D50 F_2群体遗传连锁图谱,QTL分析检测到水稻柱头外露率QTL 21个,分布于第1、2、3、4、6、7和12染色体上,贡献率变幅为0.1%~57.6%,除个别贡献率极低的位点外,绝大部分QTL加性效应来自于高值亲本大S。其中位于第4染色体和第12染色体的两个位点q PDES4,q PES12在F_2和两次重复F_(2:3)群体中均检测到,贡献率分别达17.86%和16.98%。位于第3染色体的q PES3位点在陵水、杭州两次F_(2:3)群体中重复检测到,贡献率高达25.6%。【结论】检测到的QTL,有些与其他学者报道的处于同一位置,有些则是新的柱头外露率QTL。这些水稻柱头外露率QTL为今后柱头外露率基因精细定位、克隆、以及利用分子标记辅助选择(MAS)选育高柱头外露率粳型不育系提供理论依据。
【Objective】 The stigma exposure is an important trait affecting hybrid rice seed production. The aim of this study was to identify QTLs that control the rate of stigma exsertion. 【Method】 The population of F 2 (2: 3) popularized in D50 with large stigma exsertion rate and large S × low stigma exsertion rate in Japonica rice and seedlings of F_ (2: 3) To investigate the exserted stigma exsertion rate (PSES), bilateral stigma exsertion rate (PDES) and total stigma exsertion rate (PES) of F_2 (2: 3) population in F_2, Lingshui and Hangzhou. 【Result】 Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the unilateral stigma exsertion rate, bilateral stigma exsertion rate and total stigma exsertion rate. According to the constructed genetic linkage map of large S × D50 F_2 population, 21 QTLs for stigma exsertion were detected on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 12, with a contribution rate of 0.1 % ~ 57.6%. Most of the QTL additive effects come from the high value parent S, except for the sites with very low contribution rates. The two loci q PDES4 and q PES12 located on chromosome 4 and chromosome 12 were detected in F_2 and two repeated F_ (2: 3) populations respectively, accounting for 17.86% and 16.98%, respectively. The qPES3 locus on chromosome 3 was repeatedly detected in two F_ (2: 3) populations in Lingshui and Hangzhou, with a contribution rate as high as 25.6%. 【Conclusion】 Some detected QTLs are in the same position reported by other scholars, while others are new QTLs of stigma exsertion rate. These QTLs for stigma exsertion provide a theoretical basis for future fine mapping and cloning of stigma exsertion rate genes and selection of male sterile lines with high stigma exsertion using molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS).