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加拿大是传统出版产业保护体系非常发达的国家,其文化遗产部与文化艺术理事会管理下的各项财政支出式计划与基金的建立与实施,确保了加拿大各类传统出版产业的蓬勃发展。全球化背景下,一国产业的发展不能脱离于国际贸易,其政策措施也必然应纳入WTO体制下进行审视。从法律性质上看,加拿大传统出版产业的财政支出式政策措施符合SCM协定有关补贴认定的一般规则,但就专向性而言,一方面并不能当然判定相关政策措施一定具有专向性,另一方面即使符合专向性的条件,也往往因为“不利影响”要求的严格,实践中可诉性很小。我国应广泛采用这种纯粹支出式财政措施,设置上针对分支部门细化分类,使资助条件明确具体,管理上组建专职机构负责。
Canada is a country where the traditional publishing industry protection system is very developed. The establishment and implementation of various fiscal expenditure plans and funds under the management of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and the Culture and Arts Council have ensured the vigorous development of various types of traditional publishing industries in Canada. Under the background of globalization, the development of an industry in a country can not be separated from international trade and its policy measures must also be examined under the WTO system. From a legal point of view, the fiscal expenditures of traditional publishing industry in Canada are in line with the general rules of subsidy recognition stipulated in the SCM Agreement. However, as far as the specificity is concerned, on the one hand, it can not be determined that the relevant policy measures must be of a certain nature. On the one hand, even if the conditions of specialization are met, it is often because of the strict requirement of “adverse effect” that the litigability in practice is very small. Our country should adopt this kind of purely expenditures-based fiscal measures extensively, set detailed classification on the basis of branches, make the financing conditions clear and specific, and manage the formation of full-time agencies.