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心理学研究表明,观察是知觉的特殊形式,观察本身就是有目的、有计划的知觉过程。它是人们获取知识和经验的主要途径,培养学生良好的观察品质和能力就成为物理教师在教学中不容忽视的重要问题。但对中学生来说一开始并不是容易做到的事情,特别是初中生,由于这一年龄阶段的心理特征,学生的观察活动常常不具有明确的目的性,注意力容易分散,哪个现象刺激性较强,马上就会被哪个现象所吸引,其结果,观察往往得不到应有的效果。从古至今,对人类的科学发展敞出了很大贡献的科学家们都与他们具有的敏锐的观察能力分不开,因此,在初中阶段一开始就应该在这方面加以严格的训练和要求,使学生养成良好的观察习惯。从物理实验的角度来看,观察时给予恰当、及时的指导语或寻问语是培养学生的观察能力,提高观察效果的一条可行的途径。笔者就这方面的问题谈点自己的体会。
Psychological studies have shown that observation is a special form of perception, observation itself is a purposeful, planned process of perception. It is the main way for people to acquire knowledge and experience. It is an important issue that physical teachers can not ignore in teaching to develop students’ good observation quality and ability. However, it is not easy for middle school students to start with, especially junior high school students. Due to the psychological characteristics of this age group, students often do not have a clear purpose of the observation activities, attention is easy to disperse, which phenomenon is irritating Strong, immediately which phenomenon will be attracted, the result, the observation often do not get the desired effect. Since ancient times, scientists who have greatly contributed to the scientific development of mankind are inseparable from their keen observation skills. Therefore, strict training and requirements should be exercised in this respect from the very beginning of the junior middle school. Make students develop good observation habits. From the point of view of physical experiment, it is a feasible way to train the students’ observation ability and improve the observation effect when giving proper and timely guidance or questioning during observation. I talk about my own experience on this issue.