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罗蒂关于反讽主义的论题,是为了解决公共的社会认同和私人的自我意识之间的关系问题而进行的构想。借助反讽概念,罗蒂批判了传统哲学的本质主义和普遍主义观点。柏拉图哲学传统试图用一种共通的人性理论将私人领域与公共领域合而为一,而反柏拉图传统的尼采、哈贝马斯等人也没有能真正摆脱这一窠臼。罗蒂把这两个思想传统阵营的思想家的著述解释成文学文本,把所有的文本植入历史的脉络中进行隐喻、反讽的再描述,为自我创造的重新描述提供新可能性的参照。通过将文化文学化这一手段,罗蒂提出了将公共领域和私人领域加以切割的主张。在分析罗蒂反讽主义理论本身的意义和局限性的同时,应看到,无论是对偶然性的重视,还是公、私领域的区分和妥协方式,对当今我国现代性社会的深入转型以及集体认同的建构等问题,依然是一种有益的参考。
Rorty’s thesis on irony is a conception of the relationship between public social identity and private self-awareness. With the concept of irony, Lotti criticizes the essentialist and universalist views of traditional philosophy. Plato’s philosophical tradition sought to combine the private and public spheres with a common theory of human nature, whereas the anti-Platonic traditions of Nietzsche and Habermas failed to get rid of this stereotype. Rorty interprets the writings of thinkers of the two traditional camps of thought as literary texts, implants all texts into the context of history for metaphorical and ironic re-description, and provides a reference for new possibilities of self-creation re-description. Through the cultural literary approach, Rorty put forward the idea of cutting the public sphere and the private sphere. While analyzing the significance and limitations of Rorty’s ironic theory itself, we should see that both the emphasis on contingency, the distinction and compromise between public and private areas, the in-depth transformation of contemporary Chinese modern society and the collective approval The construction and other issues, is still a useful reference.