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目的了解某中小型企业员工的职业卫生知识掌握情况,职业病危害及防护现况,职业卫生需求,制定职业健康促进干预方案,进行职业健康干预。方法采用整群抽样的方法对346名员工进行问卷调查,通过现场调查和健康体检了解岗位职业危害接触现况和工人职业病发生情况,以需求为导向,确定优先干预领域进行干预。结果 90%以上的调查对象签订了劳动合同,并参加了工伤保险;22.8%的员工不知道《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》;对毒物进入人体途径、职业病可以预防、职业病概念的正确认知率分别为87.6%、77.5%、64.5%;经2检验生产工人对职业卫生知识的正确认知率低于管理人员;18.4%的铅作业岗位铅接触水平超过职业接触限值,12.3%血铅超标;员工对职业卫生需求高,主要通过专题培训获得相关知识;项目组采取改善作业环境,多种宣传教育方式进行职业健康干预。结论中小型企业员工往往对职业卫生知识了解不足,需要开展职业健康促进。企业进行职业健康促进时,以传统宣传教育为主的模式下,还应注重改善作业环境,加强工人的个体防护,以促进员工健康。
Objective To understand the occupational health knowledge of a small and medium-sized enterprise employees, occupational hazards and protection status, occupational health needs, development of occupational health promotion intervention programs, occupational health intervention. Methods A total of 346 staffs were surveyed by cluster sampling method. Through the field survey and physical examination, the status of occupational hazards and the occupational diseases in occupations were investigated. The demand-oriented and intervention areas were identified as priority intervention areas. Results More than 90% of the respondents signed the labor contract and participated in the work-related injury insurance. 22.8% of the employees did not know the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases. The correct recognition rate of poison into the human body, prevention of occupational diseases and the concept of occupational diseases Respectively, 87.6%, 77.5% and 64.5% respectively. The correct cognition rate of occupational health knowledge of production workers was lower than that of management personnel by two tests. The lead exposure level of lead job exceeded the occupational exposure limit of 18.4% and the blood lead exceeded 12.3% ; Employees have high demand for occupational health, mainly through specialized training to obtain relevant knowledge; project team to improve the working environment, a variety of publicity and education for occupational health interventions. Conclusion Small and medium-sized employees often lack knowledge of occupational health and need to promote occupational health. When enterprises carry out occupational health promotion, under the traditional propaganda and education-based mode, they should also pay attention to improving the working environment and strengthening the individual protection of workers in order to promote employee health.