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1939年Scott和Robb－Smith首次报告4例以发热、贫血、肝脾肿大为主要表现的患者，提出“恶性组织细胞病”的概念。近年来尽管对恶性组织细胞病（简称恶组）的细胞来源仍存在争议，但多数学者认为确实存在一组来自单核／巨噬细胞系统、具有相似临床特征和病理特点的高度恶性疾病。
In 1939, Scott and Robb-Smith first reported the concept of “malignant histiocytosis” in 4 patients with fever, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Although the sources of cells for malignant histiocytosis have remained controversial in recent years, most scholars believe that there is indeed a group of highly malignant diseases with similar clinical features and pathological features from the monocyte / macrophage system.