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1886年以来,杜布义-福熙罕默(Dupuit-Forchheimer)的井流及沟流的理论与计算用公式被世界各国广泛地应用着。公式假设地下水从远处沿着水平方向以定率流向井内或沟内,按作者分析这种假设并不符合实际情况,因之所得公式也不合理,用这些公式来推论水位降落或井径对於出水率的影响也没有合理的凭据。作者推论,井流或沟流的水实际上是从水面线以上,在其降落并扩大的过程中,排除了存积的水,沿着直垂方向所供应着的。因为从土壤颗粒的空隙间排除重力水,使减为薄膜水,每需时一两天,而水面上的毛细管水又是横向贯通并互相接济着,所以垂直供水可以维持很久,而潜流也决不会绝对稳定。根据这垂直供水的不定汉条件引出了沟流的水面线公式,结果符合蒲薪奈斯克的偏微分方程式。另外,作者又拟具了简化的井流及沟流计算用公式。这些公式和杜氏-福氏公式比较,所得出水率较大,而水面线则合理地切於静水线,切点随着时程向远处移动。柯臣尼(J.Kozeny)最早指出井边地内水深不会低於静水深一半的现象,本文中作者根据最小工作定律试拟了理论的证明以支持之。根据这些理论,引出了从静水中抽水时井流、沟流最大可能出水率的公式,以供水文地质工作者初步估算之用。
Since 1886, Dupuy-Forchheimer’s theory of well flow and channeling has been widely used in various countries in the world. The formula assumes that groundwater flows at a fixed rate from afar to the well or into the trench at a fixed rate. According to the author’s analysis, this assumption is not in line with the actual situation. Therefore, the formulas obtained are also unreasonable. The formulas are used to infer the water level drop or well diameter. The impact of the water rate is also no reasonable evidence. The authors deduce that the well or channeling water is actually above the surface waterline and, in the course of its descent and expansion, precludes the supply of accumulated water along the vertical direction. Because of the elimination of gravity water from the interspace of the soil particles, the water supply to the membrane water can be reduced to one or two days each and the capillary water on the water surface is horizontally connected and mutually connected, so that the vertical water supply can be maintained for a long time and the submarine current also decides Not absolutely stable. According to the indefinite Han conditions of vertical water supply led to the ditch water surface line formula, the result is in line with the partial differential equation of the handicapped Nisike. In addition, the author also intended to simplify the well flow and ditch flow calculation formula. Comparing these formulas to the Duss-Forsch formula, the resulting water yield is greater and the waterline is reasonably well cut at the hydrostatic line, with the point of tangency moving further with time. According to J. Kozeny, the earliest evidence of water depth in the wellbore is not less than half the depth of still water. In this paper, the authors try to prove the theory in accordance with the law of minimum work to support it. According to these theories, the formula of well flow and gully maximum water yield when drawing water from still water is derived for preliminary evaluation by hydrogeologists.