论文部分内容阅读
一、小儿难病的范畴随着小儿医疗的进步,小儿疾病的结构亦发生了变化。过去是以腹泻、肺炎、脑膜炎、各种传染病为中心。但是,近年来由于保健卫生、疫苗,抗菌素的进步及营养状态的改善,以往的传染病已减少,代之而来的是神经疾患、畸形、过敏性疾患、恶性肿瘤和精神疾患等。目前,把上述300余种疾患称之为难病。因为这些疾患具有下述特征:①病因不明;②治疗方法尚未确立;③即便有治疗方法,亦存在疗程长或副作用大的问题;④需要长期疗养,影响正常生活等。
First, the category of children with difficult diseases With the advancement of pediatric care, the structure of pediatric diseases has also changed. The past centered on diarrhea, pneumonia, meningitis, and various infectious diseases. However, in recent years, due to health care, vaccines, advances in antibiotics, and improvements in nutritional status, the number of infectious diseases in the past has decreased, and neurological disorders, malformations, allergic disorders, malignancies, and mental disorders have emerged. At present, the above-mentioned more than 300 diseases are called difficult diseases. Because these diseases have the following characteristics: 1 etiology unknown; 2 treatment has not been established; 3 even if there is treatment, there are long-term treatment or side effects; 4 need long-term treatment, affecting normal life.