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本文运用化学成分分析、X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重-热流和扫描电镜等方法对福建漳州地区某风化残积型高岭土矿床中的矿物组成和微观形貌进行了系统研究。结果表明:虽然该区风化残积型高岭土的矿物组成简单,主要为高岭石和石英,次为钾长石,但石英含量相对较高导致样品的化学成分呈现高硅低铝的特征,n(Si O_2)/n(Al_2O_3)在4左右。样品的w(K_2O)波动范围较大,w(Na_2O)、w(Mg O)和w(Ca O)低,而有害组分Fe、Ti含量相对较高。该风化残积型高岭土矿床风化不完全,高岭石结晶度较差,其X射线衍射峰峰形弥散,对称程度差。在扫描电镜下高岭石的六方片状晶形难以辨认,其形状不规则,呈片状、鳞片状集合体和团块状。此外,样品的热稳定性相对较差,其脱羟基温度≤500℃,进而说明该地区风化残积型高岭土结晶度较低。
In this paper, chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric-heat flow and scanning electron microscopy were used to systematically study the mineral composition and microstructure of a weathered residual kaolin deposit in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province. The results show that although the mineral composition of the weathered residual kaolin is simple, mainly kaolinite and quartz, followed by potassium feldspar, the relatively high quartz content results in the chemical composition of the sample exhibiting high silicon and low aluminum, and n (Si O 2) / n (Al 2 O 3) is around 4. The sample w (K_2O) fluctuated in a wide range with low contents of w (Mg O) and w (Ca O), while the contents of harmful components Fe and Ti were relatively high. The weathered residual kaolin deposits are not completely weathered, and the kaolinite is poorly crystallized. The peak shape of the X-ray diffraction is diffuse and the degree of symmetry is poor. In the scanning electron microscopy kaolinite hexagonal lamellar crystal form illegible, irregular shape, was flaky, scale-like aggregates and clumps. In addition, the thermal stability of the sample is relatively poor, the dehydroxylation temperature is less than or equal to 500 ℃, which indicates that the weathered residual kaolin in this area has a low degree of crystallinity.