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目的:调查高海拔地区(0~18)岁儿童哮喘患病率,发病规律及相关因素。方法:根据三个不同地区,不同年龄段来取整群和分散家访的方式,对象为所调查区域(0~18)岁儿童(1984年7月1日—2002年7月1日)。结果:共调查儿童15 672人,实查儿童15 422人,失访250人,失访率1.6%。共查出哮喘患儿102人,患病率0.66%,其中儿童哮喘15人(14.8%)、婴幼儿哮喘18人(17.6%)、变异性哮喘18人(17.6%)、可疑哮喘51人(50%)。发作季节以不定期和冬季为主。发病诱因主要是呼吸道感染占97.9%,由个人过敏史78.4%,一、二级亲属有哮喘过敏史占23.5%。治疗以静点抗生素、氨茶碱、激素为主,而吸入或口服糖皮质激素及β2-受体激动剂和脱敏均未进行。结论:高海拔地区儿童哮喘发病率低,且诊治儿童哮喘存在问题,有待努力推广全球哮喘防治方案(GINA),进一步改善我省哮喘患儿的生活质量。
Objective: To investigate the prevalence, incidence and related factors of asthma in high altitude (0 ~ 18) years old children. Methods: According to three different regions and different age groups to take the whole group and scattered home visits, the target area for children (0 ~ 18) years of age (July 1, 1984 - July 1, 2002). Results: A total of 15 672 children were investigated, of which 15 422 children were actually investigated. Among them, 250 were lost and the rate of loss to follow up was 1.6%. A total of 102 children with asthma were found, with a prevalence of 0.66%. Among them, 15 (14.8%) were children with asthma, 18 (17.6%) with asthma in infants, 18 (17.6%) with variant asthma and 51 50%). The seizure season is mainly irregular and winter. The predisposing factors are mainly respiratory infection accounted for 97.9%, by the individual allergy history 78.4%, first and second degree relatives have asthma allergy history accounted for 23.5%. Treatment to static antibiotics, aminophylline, hormone-based, inhaled or oral glucocorticoid and β2-agonists and desensitization were not. Conclusion: The incidence of asthma in children at high altitude is low, and the diagnosis and treatment of asthma in children is still problematic. There is an urgent need to promote GINA to further improve the quality of life of children with asthma in our province.