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在确定应力强度因子的光弹性实验技术中予制裂纹是关键的一环。研究结果表明,裂纹制作的质量是影响试验成果的主要因素之一。予制的裂纹要求其尖端园孤半径尽可能小,例如ρ≤0.02mm,这样可使误差控制在2％以内。裂纹面平整、外缘及位置尺寸力求准确,初应力控制在允许的范围内。工艺简捷。予制裂纹的方法可分为室温加工、高温切割及精密铸造等。各种方法的适用范围,主要优缺点列于下表: 上表内各种方法之操作步骤和注意事项分别叙述如下:
Cracking is a key element in the photoelastic experiment to determine the stress intensity factor. The results show that the quality of crack production is one of the main factors affecting the test results. Prefabricated cracks require its tip radius as small as possible, such as ρ ≤ 0.02mm, which can be controlled within 2% error. Crack surface formation, the outer edge and location dimensions strive to accurately control the initial stress within the allowable range. Simple process. Pre-crack method can be divided into room temperature processing, high temperature cutting and precision casting. The scope of application of various methods, the main advantages and disadvantages are listed in the following table: The steps and precautions for the various methods in the above table are described as follows: