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肝移植术后感染会明显增加患者死亡率。移植后感染可发生在全身各部位，病原菌包括细菌、真菌及病毒等，引起移植后感染的因素较多，包括高龄、慢性疾病和侵入性操作等。早期发现和控制易感因素以及术后感染早期诊断和治疗是肝移植成功的重要环节。本文就肝移植患者术后感染发生的易感因素、时间、部位、病原菌特征及诊疗经验作一综述。“,”Infection in patients after liver transplantation will significantly increase the incidence of death. Post-liver transplantation infection can occur in all parts of the body, and the pathogens include bacteria, fungi and viruses. There are many risk factors of post-infection, including advanced age, chronic diseases and invasive procedure. Detection and control of susceptible factors, early diagnosis and treatment of infection after transplantation are important for the success of transplantation. In this paper, the predisposing factors, infection time, infection sites, pathogen characteristics and treatment experience of post-liver transplantation infection are summarized.