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杂交水稻为我国稻米生产和粮食安全作出了巨大贡献,经过30多年的发展,我国杂交水稻育种队伍越来越壮大,全国各地每年育成的杂交水稻亲本和组合也越来越多。据农业部全国农业技术推广服务中心统计,当年种植面积在6666.7hm2以上的杂交稻组合,由1989年的39个增加到2005年的379个,增加了近8倍。我国主要杂交水稻省区,目前每年申请参加区试的杂交稻新组合都是数十上百,甚至数以百计。但是组合数的增多,并没有使杂交稻面积增加,每个组合的平均种植面积反而越来越少,新组合中有重大突破的也极少,组合的平均使用寿命也缩短许多,这说明目前我国杂交水稻育种和组合应用效率在下降。如何提高杂交水稻育种和组合应用效率,变得非常重要,因此,文章针对这个问题进行探讨。
Hybrid rice has made great contribution to China’s rice production and food security. After more than 30 years of development, the hybrid rice breeding team in our country has been getting stronger and stronger. There are also more and more hybrid parents and combinations bred each year across the country. According to statistics from the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, the hybrid rice combination with an area of more than 6666.7hm2 in that year increased by nearly 8 times from 39 in 1989 to 379 in 2005. China’s major hybrid rice provinces and autonomous regions, the current annual application to participate in the district trial hybrid rice combinations are tens of hundreds, or even hundreds. However, the increase in the number of combinations did not result in an increase in the area of hybrid rice, but the average area planted in each combination was less and less. There were also few major breakthroughs in the new combination and the average service life of the combination was also shortened, The efficiency of breeding and combination of hybrid rice in China is declining. How to improve the efficiency of hybrid rice breeding and combinatorial application has become very important. Therefore, the paper discusses this problem.