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本文阐述了平面磨床结构的动态优化设计方法。首先将该机床简化为具有11个自由度的集中参数模型,并通过计算模态柔度和能量分布找出了该机床的薄弱环节——砂轮架系统。然后将该砂轮架系统的一些结构参数作为设计变量,取砂轮与工件间“切削点”动柔度作为目标函数,分别用复合形法和“回归—梯度”法寻优。优化结果表明,砂轮悬伸长度和砂轮主轴跨距对动柔度影响很大,适当增大前者和减小后者,使两者达到某一最佳比值时,可使动柔度大为减小。此外,调整桌些模态的阻尼比也可使动柔度进一步减小。
This article describes the dynamic optimization design of surface grinder structure. First, the machine was simplified to a centralized parameter model with 11 degrees of freedom. The weakness of the machine tool, the wheel-frame system, was found by calculating modal flexibility and energy distribution. Then some structural parameters of the wheel-frame system are used as design variables, and the objective function of the “cutting point” between the grinding wheel and the workpiece is taken as the objective function. The complex shape method and the “regression-gradient method” are respectively used to optimize the structure. The optimization results show that the overhang length of the grinding wheel and the span of the spindle of the grinding wheel have a great influence on the dynamic flexibility. Appropriately increasing the former and decreasing the latter, when the two reach an optimal ratio, the flexibility can be greatly reduced small. In addition, adjusting the damping ratio of the table can also make the dynamic flexibility to further reduce.