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在大田机插条件下,以南方稻区5个粳型超级稻(南粳44、宁粳1号、宁粳3号、扬粳4038、武粳15)为材料,同生育期常规粳稻武运粳7号为对照,在其他栽培措施统一在最佳技术指标前提下,设置7个氮肥水平(0、150.0、187.5、225.0、262.5、300.0和337.5kg.hm-2),从中得出各品种在这7个氮肥水平下出现的最高生产力,并将其定义为氮肥群体最高生产力。对5个超级稻氮肥群体最高生产力及其构成、群体生长发育动态、株型以及倒伏性状等方面进行系统的比较研究。结果表明,超级稻氮肥群体最高生产力为10.51(10.30～10.68)t.hm-2,极显著高于对照(9.77～9.82t.hm-2),增产幅度达5.2%～8.7%。与对照相比,超级稻氮肥群体最高生产力群体穗数多,穗型大,群体颖花量高(42442.11～44873.23×104.hm-2),结实率和千粒重与之相当;群体茎蘖机插后早发快长,有效分蘖临界叶龄期苗数略高于预期穗数,有效分蘖临界叶龄到拔节期茎蘖增长平缓,高峰苗出现在拔节期,数量适中,为预期穗数的1.4～1.5倍,此后群体平缓下降,至抽穗期基本稳定,最终成穗率高(66.9%～70.4%);其群体叶面积动态与茎蘖动态基本一致,最大叶面积指数出现在孕穗期,为7.72～7.97,此后平缓下降,成熟期保持在较高的水平上(3.30～3.74);干物重积累方面,移栽到有效分蘖临界叶龄期较对照高,有效分蘖临界叶龄到拔节期较对照低,拔节后积累速度较快,至抽穗期为10.80～11.08t.hm-2,抽穗到成熟期干物质积累量6.78～7.22t.hm-2,成熟期总干物重17.58～18.29t.hm-2,显著或极显著高于对照;根冠比和根系干重均高于对照,随着生育期的推移,超级稻优势更为明显,生育后期根系活力强(抽穗到蜡熟期平均伤流量3.53～3.74g.m-2.h-1)。超级稻群体形成特征:高秧苗素质促进低位分蘖发生,精确群体起点稳定提高穗数;生育中期干物质积累高,叶面积大,株型直挺,有效叶面积率和高效叶面积率高,源库流畅;生育后期茎鞘输出大,2次增重高,根群强健,支撑着高光效灌浆结实层的安全充实。氮肥群体最高生产力水平下,超级稻穗多粒大,群体颖花量大,需氮量大,产量潜力高;生育中后期光合生产能力强,充实量大;群体株型改善,抗倒支撑强,适宜用作机插。
Under the condition of machine inserting in the field, five japonica super rice varieties (Nanjing 44, Ningjing 1, Ningjing 3, Yangjing 4038 and Wujing 15) Japonica 7 as a control, seven nitrogenous fertilizer levels (0,150.0,187.5,225.0,262.5,300.0 and 337.5kg.hm-2) were set under the premise of other cultivation measures being unified with the best technical indicators, and various varieties The highest productivity that occurs at these seven nitrogenous fertilizer levels is defined as the highest productivity of the nitrogenous fertilizer population. Five superoxide nitrogenous fertilizer groups of the highest productivity and its composition, population growth and development dynamics, plant type and lodging traits and other aspects of a systematic comparative study. The results showed that the maximum productivity of the super rice N fertilizer group was 10.51 (10.30 ~ 10.68) t.hm-2, which was significantly higher than that of the control (9.77 ~ 9.82t.hm-2) and the yield was 5.2% -8.7%. Compared with the control, the highest productive population of super-rice nitrogenous fertilizer group had more spike number, larger panicle size, higher spikelet population (42442.11 ~ 44873.23 × 104.hm-2), same seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. The number of seedlings at the critical leaf stage of effective tillering was slightly higher than the expected number of spikes. The effective tillering stage of leaf tillering to tillering stage was smooth and the growth of stem tiller was gentle. The peak seedlings appeared at the jointing stage with a moderate number of 1.4 ~ 1.5 times. Afterwards, the population decreased gently and basically reached the peak at heading stage, the rate of earring became high (66.9% ~ 70.4%). The dynamic of leaf area was consistent with that of stems and tillers. The maximum leaf area index 7.72 ~ 7.97, then declined gently, and maintained at a relatively high level during maturity (3.30 ~ 3.74). In terms of dry matter accumulation, the critical leaf age of transplanted to effective tillers was higher than that of the control, Compared with the control, the accumulation rate after jointing was very fast, reaching 10.80-11.08 t · hm-2 at heading stage, 6.78-7.22 t · hm -2 at heading and maturity, and 17.58-18.29 t at maturity. hm-2, significantly or extremely significantly higher than the control; root-shoot ratio and root dry weight were higher than the control, with fertility Goes on, the more obvious advantages of super rice, the strong growth of Root vigor (dough stage heading to hurt the average flow rate 3.53 ~ 3.74g.m-2.h-1). The characteristics of super rice population formation were as follows: high seedling quality promoted low tillering, accurate population started stable and increased spike number; mid-growth period had high dry matter accumulation, large leaf area, straight plant type, high effective leaf area ratio and high efficient leaf area ratio, Library smooth; late growth and development of stem and sheath output, 2 times weight gain, robust root group, supporting high light efficiency grouting layer of solid enrichment. Under the highest productivity level of nitrogenous fertilizer group, the super-panicle was large and large, the spikelet population was large, nitrogen requirement was high, and the yield potential was high. In the middle and late growth stage, the photosynthetic production capacity was high and the abundance was large. , Suitable for machine inserted.