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拖挂运输可以用功率相对小的汽车来牵引总装载量较大的列车。这是从技术上提高运输生产效率、降低运输成本、增加经济效益的最有效措施之一。根据汽车运行状况分析可知,在路况良好的公路上行驶,发动机功率利用率常常是很低的。除去克服运行阻力而消耗的功率外,还有较多的后备功率得不到充分利用。发动机功率的利用程度,主要取决于汽车结构、载重量和道路条件三个因素。汽车拖带挂车后,由于载重量增大,组成的车体加长,道路行驶阻力变大,速度降低。于是,产生了许多新问题。例如:转向不灵便而需要占据较大的路面宽度;负荷增大,使汽车列车行驶时的动力性能显著变坏;因拖挂行驶而产生的其他问题等。所以必须研究不同型号的汽车,在某一特定的使用条件下,行驶在某一具体道路上,应采用什么样的拖挂形式,选择多大的拖载量,才能保证获得最大的运输效益。本文试就拖挂运输在西南林区运行中的一些问题,加以论述。
Trailer transport can use a relatively low-power car to tow the total load of larger trains. This is one of the most effective measures to technically improve transportation production efficiency, reduce transportation costs and increase economic benefits. According to the analysis of automobile operating conditions, we can see that on the good roads, the engine power utilization rate is often very low. In addition to overcoming the operational resistance of the power consumed, there are more backup power can not be fully utilized. The degree of utilization of engine power, mainly depends on the car structure, load and road conditions of three factors. After the car towed the trailer, due to the increased load, the composition of the car body lengthened, the road driving resistance becomes larger, the speed decreases. As a result, many new problems have arisen. For example: the steering is not easy and need to occupy a larger road width; load increases, so that the car when driving the dynamic performance significantly deteriorated; towing due to other issues arising. Therefore, we must study the different types of vehicles, under a particular use conditions, driving on a specific road, what form should be used to drag, choose how much the load, in order to ensure maximum transport efficiency. This article tries to discuss the problems of trawling in the operation of the southwest forest area.