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一、激励教育的涵义和作用激励教育是古今中外教育家的一贯主张。我国古代的教育家孔子、孟子,古希腊的苏格拉底,近代的德国教育家第斯多惠以及托尔斯泰等都从不同角度提出过激励教育的思想。激励,顾名思义就是激发鼓励的意思。教育中的激励就是通过各种外部诱因,给学生以适度的正向强化刺激,满足他们正当的心理需求,激发学习动机,使学生把教育要求自觉地内化为个体行为的过程。激励教育就是以学生的主动性、主体性为基础,遵循人发展过程中内外因统一的规律,创造各种优化的外因条件,激励学生的内驱力,从而使学生主动发展的一种教育。
First, the meaning and role of incentive education Incentive education has always been advocates of educators at home and abroad. Ancient Chinese educators Confucius, Mencius, Socrates of ancient Greece, modern German educators, such as the Duo Hui and Tolstoy have put forward the idea of encouraging education from different angles. Incentives, as the name suggests, is what inspires encouragement. Incentives in education through various external incentives to give students a moderate positive stimulus to meet their legitimate psychological needs and stimulate motivation to make students consciously internalize the educational requirements into the process of individual behavior. Incentive education is based on the initiative and subjectivity of students, following the principle of uniform internal and external rules in the process of human development, creating various kinds of optimized external conditions, and encouraging students’ internal drive so that students can take the initiative to develop.