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一、前言国际放射防护委员会(ICRP)提出的放射防护三原则之一是“任何必要的照射应保持在可以合理做到的最低水平”。以后有人将此论述简化为ALARA(As Low As Reasonably Achievable),即放射防护最优化。事实上,1954年国际放射防护委员会就提出了最优化的基本思想,1965年对措词略作了一些修改,1973年第22号出版物中,用代价—利益分析(Cost-benefit analysis)的方法进一步说明了最优化原则,最后,在
I. INTRODUCTION One of the three principles of radiation protection proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is “any necessary exposure should be kept to the lowest level reasonably achievable”. Some people later simplify this statement as ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), that is, radiation protection optimization. In fact, the International Commission on Radiological Protection put forward the most basic idea of optimization in 1954, with some slight changes to the wording in 1965. In the publication No. 22 of 1973, using the cost-benefit analysis The method further illustrates the principle of optimization, and finally, at