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在地下采矿作业中,顶板冒落与岩石突出(roof fau and rock burst)是造成人员与设备损失的主要灾害之一。随着经济建设的发展,采空区扩大,采掘深度增加,这个问题必然会日益严重。因此,预测预报冒落与岩石突出是一个迫在眉睫的课题。 冒落与突出局部应力超过岩石强度时导致岩体内部的裂隙雪崩式失稳扩展的结果,伴随有非常复杂的各种物理现象,对它们的预测有很多种手段可供使用。自从七十年代以来,世界上一些发达国家在矿山生产中广泛开展了利用高频、宽动态测震系统预报顶板冒落与岩石突出的研究。
Roof mining and rock foraging are among the major disasters that have caused the loss of people and equipment during underground mining operations. With the development of economic construction, the problem of mined-out areas will inevitably worsen as the mined-out area expands and the depth of extractive mining increases. Therefore, prediction and prediction of falling rocks and prominence of rock are an urgent issue. Caving and highlighting the result of avalanche-type instability propagation of cracks within a rock mass when local stresses exceed rock strength are accompanied by very complex and various physical phenomena, many of which are available for their prediction. Since the 1970s, some developed countries in the world have carried out extensive research on the prediction of roof caving and rock outburst by using high-frequency and wide-ranging dynamic seismic surveying systems in mine production.