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愤恨是人性中必不可少的组成部分。在斯密看来,这种通常似乎令人憎恶的激情,其基于合宜性的表达却成为捍卫社会正义与平等的心理机制。作为立即和直接促使人们去惩罚的情感,尽管需要怀疑其合理性,但合宜的愤恨不仅成为社会惩罚的基础,也是正义的保证。它所确立的正义感,肯定惩罚的正当性而确认正义的法则体系,其所衍生的功过赏罚的报偿结构,也将促成人性的完善和社会公正的实现。
Anger is an essential part of humanity. In Smith’s opinion, this often seemingly abhorrent passion, based on the expression of propriety, has become the psychological mechanism for defending social justice and equality. As an emotion that urges people to punish immediately and directly, though their legitimacy needs to be questioned, appropriate anger is not only the basis of social punishment but also the guarantee of justice. The sense of justice it establishes, the legitimacy of affirming punishment, and the legal system of justice, and the compensation structure of rewards and punishment derived from it, will also lead to the improvement of human nature and the realization of social justice.