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休谟是现代宗教哲学的开创者之一,他的宗教哲学的主要目标是要理清道德与宗教的关系,还道德以本来面目。为了完成这个目的,休谟从逻辑和历史两个维度对自然神论展开了分析与批判,建立起了独具特色的宗教批判理论。通过对这种宗教批判理论的解读,我们可以看出休谟宗教哲学的伦理旨归:理性宗教不能作为道德解释的基础,宗教与道德无实质关联,宗教对道德的影响总体上是消极的,人性中的自然情感对道德的影响恒久有力,因而道德解释必须回归到人性本身。
Hume is one of the pioneers of modern religious philosophy. The main objective of his religious philosophy is to sort out the relationship between morality and religion, as well as morality as it is. In order to accomplish this goal, Hume analyzed and criticized the deism of nature from the two dimensions of logic and history, and established a unique theory of religious criticism. Through the interpretation of this critical theory of religion, we can see the ethical purpose of Hume’s religious philosophy: rational religion can not be used as the basis of moral explanation, religion and morality have no substantial connection, the influence of religion on morality is negative as a whole, human nature The influence of natural emotion in morality has a permanent and powerful effect, so moral explanation must be returned to humanity itself.