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泥石流的主要破坏性在于其能量巨大,输送大量物质造成生命财产损失,消耗泥石流的起动及运动能量能防止泥石流发生或使泥石流的破坏性大大降低,为泥石流治理提供了新的思路。通过在甘肃西汉水流域的泥石流支沟拦山沟进行人工阶梯-深潭系统试验,2009～2010年汛期观测发现阶梯-深潭系统能增强沟道阻力,抬高侵蚀基准面,从而控制侵蚀下切,且多级的阶梯-深潭系统通过跌水和水跃能有效消散水流能量,在一定程度上抑制了泥石流的起动和加速,使得泥石流在阶梯上游停留堆积,淤满的阶梯在河床纵剖面仍能保持阶梯形态,起到增强阻力消能的作用,减小了拦山沟泥石流对下游的破坏。消能结构对大坡度山区河流起重要作用,不论是人工消能结构还是自然消能结构,都能起到增阻消能的作用,对山区河流治理起到积极的作用。
The main destructiveness of debris flow lies in its huge energy, large amount of material being transported, causing loss of life and property, consuming start-up and kinetic energy of debris flow, preventing debris flow or greatly reducing the destructiveness of debris flow, and providing a new idea for debris flow control. Through the artificial ladder-deep pool system test in the mud-rock ditches of the Han River in Gansu, the observation of flood season from 2009 to 2010 shows that the ladder-deep pool system can enhance the channel resistance and raise the erosion datum so as to control the erosion, Moreover, the multistage ladder-deep pool system can effectively dissipate the water flow energy by falling water and water jump, and to a certain extent, restrains the start-up and acceleration of the debris flow, so that the debris flow stays in the upper reaches of the ladder, Can maintain the ladder shape, play a role in enhancing the resistance energy dissipation and reduce the damage caused by the debris flow downstream of the blockage. Energy dissipation structures play an important role in the steep mountainous rivers. Both the artificial energy dissipation structure and the natural energy dissipation structure can play a role of resistance and energy dissipation and play a positive role in the management of mountain rivers.