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近年来,随着“板块构造”学说的兴起,西太平洋岛弧区的沟、弧、盆成因机制的研究亦随之大力开展。国际性联合调查研究,正方兴未艾。同样,对年轻的弧后盆地——冲绳海槽的研究,也越来越引起了学者们的兴趣和重视。 冲绳海槽位于东海大陆架和琉球岛弧之间,为琉球岛弧漂离亚洲大陆而张开的弧后边缘海盆。海槽呈北北东——南南西方向延伸,并呈弧形向东南方向凸出。从地形上看,它是一个北浅南深的狭长条带,地形复杂多样,两侧断裂褶皱发育,出现了边缘沟(裂隙谷)、阶梯状断裂、地垒式隆脊。槽底有许多海岭和呈孤峰突起的小海山。海槽的最深处可达2700余米,浅处仅600米左右。在构造上,它属年轻并仍在扩张着的弧后盆地,张裂构造明显,断块构造发育,火山活动强烈。再从水动力条件看,黑潮暖流沿海槽西侧约200米等深浅自西南流向东北,沿途逐渐分支,流势减弱。如到北纬29°30′附近,主干线折向东,经奄美大岛北部的吐噶喇海峡入太平洋。另一分支——对马暖流继续北上,至北纬32°附近,又分支为黄海暖流转向黄海,而另一股则流向对马海峡。
In recent years, with the rise of the theory of “plate tectonics”, the research on the genesis mechanism of ditch, arc and basin in the western Pacific island arc area has also been vigorously carried out. International joint investigation and research, is in the ascendant. Similarly, the research on the young arc basin, the Okinawa Trough, has drawn more and more scholars’ interest and attention. The Okinawa Trough is located between the continental shelf of the East China Sea and the Ryukyu Island Arc. It is an arc-back edge of the Okinawa Island arc that drifts off the Asian continent. Trench was north-east - south-southwest extension, and curved to the southeast direction of the bulge. From topographical point of view, it is a narrow strip with a shallow depth and a south depth. Due to the complex and diverse topography, the fault folds on both sides are developed. There are edge ditches (rift valleys), stair-like faults and basement ridge. At the bottom of the tank there are many hills and solitary peaks protruding small seamounts. Trough the deepest up to 2700 meters, shallow only about 600 meters. In terms of structure, it is a young and still expanding backarc basin with obvious structural faults, fault block structure and strong volcanic activity. Again from the hydrodynamic conditions, the Kuroshio current along the depth of about 200 meters west of the trough from southwest to northeast, along the way gradually branched, the flow weakened. As far as 29 ° 30 ’North latitude, the main line off to the east, north of Amami Oshima into the Pacific Takahashi Channel. The other branch, continuing its warm northward movement to the horse and to 32 ° north latitude, branched its way into the Yellow Sea’s warm currents toward the Yellow Sea, while the other stream headed toward the Strait of Ma.