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目的:以十堰市2011~2013年5岁以下儿童死亡上报信息为基础,对其家庭背景中的社会关系和家庭结构进行普遍调查,分析探索降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的有效途径。方法:调查对象为5岁以下死亡儿童家庭以及居住地邻居有健康儿童家庭。选择不同地理环境的十堰市城区及偏远山区县竹溪县,以依据自拟的调查表,调查儿童家庭主要家庭成员间以及现居住地邻居间相处和谐情况的评价,家庭结构信息。结果:调查5岁以下死亡儿童竹溪县51例,城区为54例。家庭社会关系主观问卷调查均显示家庭成员间及近邻居间关系满意度96.00%以上,城区与竹溪县无差异。其家庭结构信息显示死亡儿家庭存在缺陷的比例较高平均21.00%,健康儿家庭平均10.48%,两者差异比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),多胎家庭比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。从母亲孕期保健看,死亡儿童家庭及健康儿童家庭分别只有59.00%和75.20%基本完成孕期保健。结论:家庭社会关系的主观问卷调查不能真实反映家庭成员间的和谐关系,家庭存在缺陷的儿童存在较高的死亡率,家庭保健意识还有提高空间,因此,保健服务对存在缺陷的家庭及儿童应该给予特别的关注,避免给社会和家庭带来的伤害。
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a general survey of social relations and family structure in their family background based on the reported information on the deaths of children under 5 years of age from 2011 to 2013 in Shiyan, and to explore and explore effective ways to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age. Methods: The survey was conducted on families of children under 5 years of age who died and healthy neighbors in their neighborhood. Choosing the urban areas of Shiyan City and the remote mountainous counties of Zhuxi County in different geographic environments to investigate the harmony between family members of the children’s families and their neighbors based on the self-made questionnaires and family structure information. Results: 51 children aged under 5 died in Zhuxi County and 54 in urban areas. Subjective questionnaires of family social relations showed that the satisfaction among family members and their neighbors was over 96.00%, with no difference between urban areas and Zhuxi County. The family structure information showed that the proportion of children with death was higher than the average number of families (21.00%) and healthy children (10.48%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05) ). From the perspective of maternal health during pregnancy, only 59.00% and 75.20% of families of children and healthy children, respectively, basically completed the pregnancy care. Conclusion: The subjective questionnaire survey of family social relations can not truly reflect the harmonious relationship among family members. Children with family deficits have higher mortality rates and room for family health care awareness. Therefore, health care services to families and children with deficiencies Special attention should be paid to avoid harming society and families.