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众所周知,在市场经济条件下,由于经济主体行为的多样化、市场总需求与总供给在时间上的不平衡性,必然造成整体经济的周期性波动,或形成经济周期。而这种忽高忽低、忽强忽弱的波动对社会经济的正常运行造成相当大的破坏和资源浪费。因此,作为政府就有必要运用不同的政策手段以防止和消除经济的大起大落,既要防止经济过热,抑制通货膨胀,又要减少失业,克服经济萧条,保证经济稳定和持续增长。如果考虑到经济的全球化、一体化趋势,政策还要力求做到国际收支的平衡等。这时,就有了政府财政与货币政策的提出与实施的必要性,从而达到调节经济、熨平周期的目的。财政政策是指政府通过增加或减少税收、国债发行、政府开支等手段,影响整个社会的消费
As we all know, due to the diversification of economic agents, the imbalance between the total market demand and the total supply in time is bound to cause cyclical fluctuations in the overall economy or the formation of an economic cycle under the conditions of a market economy. However, such fluctuations of high and low, sudden strong and weak fluctuations on the normal operation of the social economy caused considerable damage and waste of resources. Therefore, it is necessary for the government to use different policy measures to prevent and eliminate the ups and downs of the economy. It is necessary to prevent the economy from overheating, curb inflation, reduce unemployment, overcome the economic depression, and ensure economic stability and sustained growth. If we take into account the economic globalization and the trend of integration, we must also strive to achieve a balance of payments balance. At this time, there is the necessity of putting forward and implementing the government’s fiscal and monetary policies so as to achieve the goal of adjusting the economy and ironing the cycle. Fiscal policy refers to the government’s influence on the consumption of the whole society by means of increasing or decreasing taxes, issuing treasury bonds, and government expenditures