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目的对辽宁省农村居民孕中期胎儿畸形超声筛查情况进行调查分析,为进一步指导基层开展胎儿畸形筛查工作提供依据。资料与方法选择辽宁省西丰县、建平县、大洼县、阜蒙县四县于2004年1月至2007年9月妊娠的部分农村妇女400例为调查对象,调查具体内容包括如下:1.是否知道孕中期需要做胎儿畸形的产前筛查?2.是否在孕中期进行了胎儿畸形的产前筛查?3.您选择进行孕中期胎儿超声检查的医院?4.孕中期产前超声检查的费用?您对诊断费用的评价?您对产前超声诊断技术的效果评价?5.是否在产前发现胎儿畸形?是否终止妊娠?6.孩子出生后是否有畸形和发育异常?是否与产前超声诊断相一致?结果1.45例(11.3%)未进行孕中期胎儿畸形筛查。2.355例(88.7%)进行了孕中期胎儿畸形超声筛查,其中4例选择了省级医院(1.1%);36例(10.1%)选择了市级医院;182例(51.3%)选择了县级医院;133例(37.5%)选择了乡镇卫生院。3.82%的妇女认为筛查费用适用,11%的妇女认为筛查费用昂贵,7%的妇女认为筛查费用低廉。4.42%认为筛查效果很好,34%认为筛查有效,23%认为筛查效果一般,1%认为筛查效果不好。5.在随访的病例中,没有严重畸形儿发生,但12%的病例在筛查过程中发现轻微异常(包括轻度肾积水、轻度脑室扩张等),出生后未见异常表现。结论孕中期胎儿畸形超声筛查对降低出生缺陷儿的出生意义重大,增加宣传力度、提高全民意识、提高基层医务人员的技术水平,切实地在基层开展好孕中期胎儿畸形筛查工作。
Objective To investigate the status of fetal malformation ultrasound screening in rural residents of Liaoning Province in order to provide evidence for further guiding the screening of fetal malformations at the grassroots level. DATA AND METHODS Choosing 400 rural women in some rural areas from January 2004 to September 2007 in Xifeng County, Jianping County, Dawa County and Fumeng County in Liaoning Province as the survey subjects, the investigation contents include the following: 1 Do you know if you need prenatal screening for fetal malformations during the second trimester? 2. Are you prenatal screening for fetal malformations during the second trimester? 3. Which hospital did you choose to have for the second trimester of fetal ultrasound? The cost of ultrasonography? Your assessment of the cost of diagnosis? Your assessment of the effectiveness of prenatal ultrasound diagnostic techniques? 5. Are prenatal fetal malformations are found? Are the pregnancy terminated? 6. Are there any deformities and abnormalities in the child after birth? Consistent with prenatal diagnosis of ultrasound? Results 1.45 cases (11.3%) did not conduct screening for fetal abnormalities during the second trimester. 2.355 cases (88.7%) underwent second trimester ultrasound screening of fetal malformations, of which 4 selected provincial hospitals (1.1%), 36 (10.1%) selected municipal hospitals and 182 (51.3%) selected county 133 hospitals (37.5%) chose township hospitals. 3.82% of women considered screening costs appropriate, 11% considered screening expensive, and 7% considered screening inexpensive. 4.42% think the screening effect is very good, 34% think the screening is effective, 23% think the screening effect is normal and 1% think the screening effect is not good. In the follow-up cases, no serious deformity occurred, but 12% of the cases found mild abnormalities during the screening (including mild hydronephrosis, mild ventricular dilatation, etc.), no abnormalities after birth. Conclusion The second trimester ultrasound screening of fetal malformations is of great significance to reduce the birth defects of infants with birth defects, increase publicity, raise public awareness and improve the technical level of grassroots medical workers, so as to effectively carry out the second trimester screening of fetal malformations.