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一在人类发展的早期,生产力水平低下,人类对自然的认识和开发主要集中在陆地,所以人类早期的文明和繁荣主要出现在一些内河流域,如我国古代的黄河中下游、尼罗河流域的古埃及、印度河流域西北部的古印度、两河流域间的美索不达米亚等,主要位于北纬30°～40°间的亚热带温带大河流域。这些古文明中心在采集经济之后,就走向农业畜牧业,很快就创建了新的、有计划的、经常的生活资料生产方法。而此时的海洋对人类只是一片深遂神秘的领域,成为各地间经济往来和文化交流的障碍,而沿海地区的经济,也停留在原始的捕鱼业和盐业上,十分落后。
In the early days of human development, the level of productivity was low, and human understanding and development of nature was mainly concentrated in the land. Therefore, early human civilization and prosperity mainly occurred in some inland river basins, such as the ancient Yellow River in China and the ancient Egyptians in the Nile Valley. The ancient India in the northwest of the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia between the two river basins are mainly located in subtropical temperate river basins between 30° and 40°N latitude. After collecting the economy, these ancient civilization centers moved to the agricultural animal husbandry, and soon created a new, planned and regular method of production of living materials. At this time, the ocean is only a deep and mysterious field for human beings, and it has become an obstacle to economic exchanges and cultural exchanges between different regions. The economy of the coastal areas has also remained behind in the primitive fishing industry and salt industry, and it is very backward.