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危机的概念众说纷纭。简要概括,可以定义为“对一个社会系统的基本价值和行为准则架构产生严重威胁,并在时间压力和不确定性极高的情况下必须对其做出关键性决策的事件。”一般情形下,危机不仅导致社会物质的损失,更使人们的精神价值体系遭受冲击,并引起社会秩序偏离正常轨道,直接影响到国家的公共安全与社会稳定。危机事件虽然各不相同,但大都具有如下特点:首先是高度不确定性,这是由危机的不可预知和预测所决定的;其次是事件演变迅速,危机既可能由一些细节而起,也可能是丝毫没有任何预兆的突发事件;三是高度影响人类社会政治经济生活,使秩序失去平衡,甚至瘫痪。因此,危机也可以解释成“导致社会偏离正常轨道的危急的非均衡状态。” 在信息化社会里,大众传媒充当了人们主要的信息源,因而大众传播媒介在危机事件中的表现,在很大程度上能
The concept of crisis is widely divergent. A brief generalization can be defined as “an event that poses a serious threat to the structure of basic social values and codes of conduct and must make key decisions in the face of extreme time pressures and uncertainties.” In the circumstances, the crisis not only led to the loss of social material but also impacted the system of spiritual values of people and caused the social order to deviate from the normal track and directly affected the public security and social stability of the country. Although the crisis events are different, most of them have the following characteristics: first is the high degree of uncertainty, which is determined by the unpredictability and prediction of the crisis; secondly, the rapid evolution of the incident, the crisis may come from some details, it may Is an emergency without any foreshadowing. Third, it has a high impact on the political and economic life of humankind, unbalancing the order and even paralyzing it. Therefore, the crisis can also be interpreted as “a critical imbalance that causes society to deviate from the normal track.” In the information society, the mass media serves as the main source of information for people. Therefore, the mass media’s performance in crisis events, To a large extent can