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初中语文第一册《批评和自我批评》一课“思考和练习”二是这样的:“本文用了哪些比喻、格言和成语?它在表达上有什么作用?”笔者以为这一提法使成语、格言、比喻相互对立起来,彼此毫无关联,有必要对三者关系作一辨析。先谈成语和格言的关系。查<辞海》,成语的定义是:“熟语的一种。长期以来惯用的,简洁,精辟的固定词组或短句。在汉语中多数由四个字组成。组织多样,来源不一。有些可以从字面理解,如‘万紫千红’、‘乘风破浪’等。有些要知道来源才懂,如‘愚公移山’、‘守株待兔’等。格言的定义是:“可为法式的言语,常指具有教育意义的成语。如‘满招损,谦受益’。
In the first volume of “Criticism and Self-Criticism” in the junior high school language book “Thinking and practicing”, the second is: “What metaphors, maxims, and idioms are used in this article? What role does it play in expression?” The author thinks this formulation makes Idioms, proverbs, and metaphors are opposed to each other and are not related to each other. It is necessary to make a distinction between the three relationships. First talk about the relationship between idioms and maxims. In the investigation of , the definition of idioms is: “a kind of idioms. It has long been used, simple, incisive fixed phrases or short sentences. In Chinese, the majority consists of four words. The organization is diverse, and the source is not the same. Understanding literally, such as ’many colorful’ and ’passing the wind and breaking the waves’, etc. Some of them need to know the source to understand, such as ’Yugong moves the mountain’, ’Keeping up’ to wait for a rabbit’, etc. The motto is defined as: “It can be a French language, often an educational idiom. . Such as ‘full loss, good benefit’.