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β-内酰胺酶是绝大多数致病菌产生青霉素类和头孢菌素类耐药性的主要原因。五十年代起,人们就开始研究金黄色葡萄球菌产生的青霉素酶;六十年代以后,在革蓝氏阴性菌群中陆续出现了大量能水解半合成抗生素的β-内酰胺酶,并发现这些酶可由质粒转座子等遗传物质所控制,对抗生素治疗构成了极大的威胁。随着研究的深入和分析方法的发展,新的β-内酰胺酶不断涌现,各种各样的分类方法也应运而生,难免使人眼花撩乱。本文拟从各酶的性质差异出发,对酶的分类及其在耐药性中的作用作一综述。
Beta-lactamase is the major cause of penicillins and cephalosporin resistance in most pathogenic bacteria. Since the 1950s, people began to study the penicillinase produced by Staphylococcus aureus; after the 1960s, a large number of β-lactamases capable of hydrolyzing semi-synthetic antibiotics gradually appeared in the gram-negative flora and found that Enzymes can be controlled by genetic material such as plasmid transposons and pose a serious threat to antibiotic therapy. With the deepening of research and the development of analytical methods, new β-lactamases are emerging, a variety of classification methods have emerged, inevitably dazzling. This article intends to proceed from the differences of the properties of each enzyme, and reviews the classification of enzymes and their roles in drug resistance.