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本文以笔者所了解的情况,介绍了联邦德国等国利用水压致裂和钻孔崩落研究地应力的近况。水压致裂应力测量目前值得注意的动态是:①世界上拥有小型轻便的软管水压致裂设备的研究小组愈来愈多;②联邦德国鲁尔大学地球物理研究所计划研制可用于更深的钻孔(6公里),并将井下超声电视、测震计与水压致裂封隔器装在一起的新设备;③利用一孔多段以至地点相近的多个钻孔的水压致裂数据,只用封闭压力和张开裂缝方位的观测值反推地应力大小和方向的参数;④破裂力学理论的初步应用。此外,在用钻孔崩落研究地应力方面的主要成就是,对有孔岩石标本所作的单轴压缩试验以及理论分析表明,崩落机制主要由岩壁张破裂(而不是剪切破裂)引起。
In this paper, I understand the situation, introduced the Federal Republic of Germany and other countries to study the use of hydraulic fractures and borehole in situ stress. At present, the notable developments of hydraulic fracturing stress measurement are as follows: ① There are more and more research groups in the world that have small and light portable hydraulic fracturing devices; ② The Federal Institute of Geophysics of Ruhr University plans to develop more deep Drilling (6 km), and the underground ultrasound TV, seismometer and hydraulic fracturing packer installed in the new equipment; ③ the use of multiple holes and the location of a number of holes similar to the location of hydraulic fracturing Data, only the closed pressure and open crack orientation of the observed values of the inverse stress and size of the direction of the parameters; ④ rupture mechanics theory of the initial application. In addition, the major achievement in the study of in-situ stress with borehole caving is that the uniaxial compression tests and theoretical analysis of perforated rock specimens show that the caving mechanism is mainly caused by rock-wall fractures instead of shear fractures.