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贾谊的《陈政事疏》本针对汉初现实问题而发,然其立论的依据乃来自对历史的借鉴;其《过秦》本为总结秦亡教训而作,然其旨归乃在为分析现实问题提供依据,两者虽然角度不同,但思路是一致的,都是贾谊以史为鉴思想的具体体现。贾谊以史为鉴思想的背后所包含的是他对古今问题的看法,他认为古今之间既有变又有常,变与常紧密结合在一起,变中有常,常又通过变来发挥作用。贾谊的上述思想,特别是他据此对秦之兴亡所作的思考,为司马迁所接受,并成为后者“通古今之变”中的重要一环。
The “Chen Shu Shi Shu” by Jia Yi was aimed at the realistic problems in the early Han Dynasty. However, the basis of its argument came from the reference to history. The “over the Qin Dynasty” is a summary of the lessons learned from the Qin Dynasty, but its purpose is to analyze Although the angles of the two are different, the ideas are the same, all of which are the concrete manifestation of Jia Yi’s thought of taking history as reference. What is behind Jia Yi’s thinking on history is his view of the past and present issues. He believes that both ancient and modern have both changed and changed, that is, they have become closely related to each other. They often change and often work through change. The above thoughts of Jia Yi, especially his reflections on the rise and fall of Qin, are accepted by Sima Qian and become an important part of the latter.