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目的了解不同碘摄入量时大鼠甲状腺形态的变化及妊娠结局。方法选择体质量约80-100gWistar大鼠180只(雌性150只,雄鼠30只),按体质量随机分成5组,每组30只。低碘1组(LI1)和低碘2组(LI2)大鼠食用病区粮食配方饲料,分别饮用含碘0、5μg/L去离子水;对照组(NI)、高碘1组(HI1)、高碘2组(HI2)大鼠食用市售普通粮食配方饲料,分别饮用含碘50、3 000、10 000μg/L去离子水。饲养3个月,雌鼠与雄鼠合笼交配,于孕早期(5±2)d、孕中期(12±2)d、孕晚期(17±2)d处死母鼠,记录妊娠结局,光镜下观察母鼠甲状腺病理学改变。结果 (1)LI1组和LI2组甲状腺绝对质量[(121.66±54.12)、(32.60±12.09)mg]和相对质量[(41.55±17.95)、(11.23±3.58)mg/100g]与NI组[(20.45±5.02)mg、(5.88±1.44)mg/100g]比较显著增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。(2)光镜下观察,与对照组比较,LI组甲状腺呈典型的小滤泡增生性;HI组甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞单层呈扁平状,核呈梭型,滤泡腔变大。(3)孕鼠孕中期,LI1组和LI2组的死胎率(39.88%,22.22%)显著高于NI组(5.52%,P<0.01);孕晚期,LI组和HI组(42.96%,32.05%,16.13%,13.04%)孕鼠的死胎率显著高于NI组(4.29%,P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论机体长期摄入碘过量对胚胎发育有一定的影响。
Objective To investigate the changes of thyroid morphology and pregnancy outcome in rats with different iodine intake. Methods 180 Wistar rats with body weight of about 80-100g were selected (150 females and 30 females). The body weight was divided into 5 groups at random, 30 in each group. The rats in low iodine group (LI1) and low iodine group (LI2) were fed with food formula diet containing 0, 5μg / L deionized water containing iodine. The control group (NI), HI1 group , High iodine 2 groups (HI2) rats were fed ordinary food formula feed, respectively, drinking iodine 50,3 000,10 000μg / L deionized water. After feeding for 3 months, the female and male mice were mated to each other. The female rats were sacrificed at the first trimester of pregnancy (5 ± 2) days, the second trimester (12 ± 2 days) and the third trimester of pregnancy (17 ± 2 days) Microscopically observe the pathological changes of thyroid in female rats. Results The absolute mass of thyroid in LI1 and LI2 groups was significantly higher than that in NI group [(121.66 ± 54.12), (32.60 ± 12.09) mg] and relative mass [(41.55 ± 17.95), (11.23 ± 3.58) mg / 100g] 20.45 ± 5.02) mg, (5.88 ± 1.44) mg / 100g], the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01, P <0.05). (2) Under light microscope, the thyroid in LI group showed the typical small follicular hyperplasia; the monolayer of thyroid follicular epithelial cells in HI group was flat, the nucleus was shuttle type and the follicular cavity became larger. (3) In the second trimester of pregnancy, the stillbirth rates of LI1 group and LI2 group (39.88%, 22.22%) were significantly higher than that of NI group (5.52%, P <0.01) %, 16.13%, 13.04%) were significantly higher than those in NI group (4.29%, P <0.01 or P <0.05). Conclusion Long-term intake of iodine on the body has a certain impact on embryonic development.