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政治科高考中,通过设置新情景、新问题所呈现出来的许多问题,从学科知识的角度来看,涉及多方面的内容,带有一定的综合性,要求学生完整地把握问题的来龙去脉、前因后果,这就需要掌握知识之间的内在联系。今年把“掌握知识之间的内在联系”的能力这一要求明确地写进《考试说明》中,对此,我们应予高度重视。在思想政治科教材中,根据发掘知识点间关系的难易程度,可将知识点的内在联系分为显性联系和隐性联系,推而广之,就是显性知识和隐性知识。显性知识是指“教科书中那些有着具体文字描述的东西,即具体的知识内容”。(见蒋超《哲学感想录》)这些知识是显而易见的、容易被发现的。如价格与供求、生产力与生产关系、物质与意识、理想与现实、国体与政体、和平与发展等。隐性知识是指“教科书中那些无形的没有文字描述的东西”,(同上)这些知识是含而不露、有待发掘的。下面仅就如何把握隐性知识作一简要说明。
In the political college entrance examination, many problems presented by setting up new situations and new problems, from the perspective of subject knowledge, involve various aspects, with a certain degree of comprehensiveness, and require students to completely grasp the circumstances and causes of the problem. This requires the mastery of the intrinsic link between knowledge. This year, the requirement of “mastering the internal connection between knowledge” is clearly written in the “exam description”. We should attach great importance to this. In the ideological and political science textbooks, according to the degree of difficulty in excavating the relationship between knowledge points, the intrinsic links of knowledge points can be divided into explicit connections and implicit connections, and it is obvious and tacit knowledge. Explicit knowledge refers to “those textbooks that have specific textual descriptions, that is, specific knowledge content”. (See Jiang Chao’s “Philosophical Thoughts”) This knowledge is obvious and easy to find. Such as price and supply and demand, productivity and production relations, material and consciousness, ideals and reality, state and government, peace and development. Implicit knowledge refers to “those invisible textual descriptions in textbooks.” (ibid.) This knowledge is implicit and unexplored. The following is a brief explanation of how to grasp tacit knowledge.