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目的通过对替牙期不同年龄组小学生口腔健康状况进行调查,掌握小学生口腔疾病的发病规律,为开展学校口腔保健工作提供依据。方法对702名6至12岁小学生乳牙滞留、龋齿、年轻恒牙外伤、错颌畸形等口腔疾病患病情况进行调查。结果小学生口腔疾病患病率达到49.15%,其中乳牙滞留患病率为8.40%,龋齿患病率达到31.48%、错颌畸形患病率达到1.57%、恒牙外伤患病率达到7.69%。结论混合牙列期,恒牙开始萌出,乳牙依次替换,但因现代生活水平提高,食物精细,造成乳牙根吸收或吸收不完全,形成乳牙滞留;口腔卫生差造成9～10岁年龄组小学生患龋率增高;11～12岁年龄组小学生处于牙颌系统的快速增长期,也是身体生长发育期,运动强度大,易造成恒牙外伤和错颌畸形。结论加强混合牙列期小学生口腔保健工作尤为重要。
Objective To investigate the oral health status of primary school pupils of different age groups during primary dentition to master the incidence of oral diseases and to provide the basis for the oral health care in schools. Methods The prevalence of oral diseases such as deciduous teeth, dental caries, young permanent teeth trauma and malunion were studied in 702 primary school students aged 6 to 12 years old. Results The prevalence rate of oral diseases among primary school students was 49.15%. The prevalence of dental decay was 8.40%, the prevalence of dental caries was 31.48%, the prevalence of malocclusion was 1.57% and the prevalence of permanent dentition was 7.69%. Conclusions In mixed dentition period, the permanent teeth begin to erupt and the deciduous teeth replace one another in sequence. However, due to the improvement of modern living standards, the food is fine, resulting in the incomplete absorption or absorption of primary root of teeth and the formation of deciduous teeth. Poor oral hygiene results in primary school students aged 9-10 years Caries rate increased; 11 to 12 age group of pupils in the rapid growth of the dental system, but also the growth and development of the body, exercise intensity, easily lead to permanent tooth injury and malunion. Conclusion It is particularly important to strengthen the oral health care of pupils in mixed dentition.