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黑热病是伊拉克的一种地方病,多年来怀疑犬和啮齿动物是利什曼原虫的储存宿主Sheriff(1957)曾报告1只猎犬染有内脏利什曼病,但这些犬是外来的。本文作者于1972～1973年在巴格达地区检查了105只野鼠(85只黑鼠和20只印度地鼠)及45只小家鼠,每只鼠除作血、脾、肝涂片外,还作了组织切片,同时用双相NNN培养基进行了培养,结果发现1只黑鼠的血和肝培养阳性,脾培养因污染未获结果。以此阳性培养物经心内接种了两组实验室小鼠,以后在不同时间将小鼠杀死,用培养法和作涂片进行检查,结果接种的小鼠的肝脾肿大,并在涂片和培养中查到了利什曼原虫。从黑鼠分离出的虫株使实验感染的小鼠产生了典型的内脏利什曼病,表明该虫株具有毒力,并可能对鼠类已经适应。这一发现说明黑鼠在伊拉克有成为利什曼病储存宿主的可能性。但尚须在伊拉克不同地区对啮齿动物群继续
Kala-azar is a endemic disease in Iraq and dogs and rodents are suspected for many years as reservoirs for Leishmania Sheriff (1957) reported that one hound had visceral leishmaniasis but these dogs were exogenous. The author examined 105 wild rats (85 black rats and 20 Indian hamsters) and 45 small house mice in the area of Baghdad from 1972 to 1973. Apart from blood, spleen and liver smear, each mouse also made Tissue sections were obtained and cultured in two-phase NNN medium. As a result, blood and liver cultures of one black rat were found to be positive, and no results were obtained from spleen culture due to contamination. Two groups of laboratory mice were inoculated intracardially with this positive culture, mice were killed at different times and examined by culture method and smear. As a result, the inoculated mice had enlarged liver and spleen, Leishmania was detected in smear and culture. The strains of worms isolated from black mice caused experimentally infected mice to develop typical visceral leishmaniasis, indicating that the strain is virulent and may have adapted to the rodents. This finding shows that black rats are likely to become reservoirs of leishmaniasis in Iraq. However, the rodent population still needs to be continued in different parts of Iraq