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力量是各项身体素质的基础,历来为田径运动员和教练员所重视。青少年的骨骼肌含水分和有机物较多,富有弹性和韧性,不易折断,但坚固性差。同时,肌肉的增长落后于骨骼。为适应骨骼的增长,肌肉向长度发展,肌纤维细长,横断面较小而力量较差。在15岁以前,力量素质的自然增长率年均为9%,15～18岁可达12%,其中14～17岁增长率最快,称为快速增长期。抓住青少年田径运动员力量增长的敏感期,逐步开始运用杠铃等器械进行负重力量训练,可以收到事半功倍的效果。但是,为了运动员今后不断的发展,必须充分考虑这个时期的生理特点,在训练上要讲究“先”与“后”的次序。
Strength is the foundation of various physical qualities and has always been valued by track and field athletes and coaches. Adolescent skeletal muscle contains more water and organic matter, flexible and toughness, not broken, but poor firmness. At the same time, muscle growth lags behind the bones. In order to adapt to the growth of the bones, the muscle develops to the length, the slender muscle fibers, the smaller cross section and the poorer the strength. Before the age of 15, the natural rate of strength of the average annual growth rate of 9%, 15 to 18 years old up to 12%, of which 14 to 17 years of the fastest growing rate, known as the rapid growth period. Seize the sensitive period of growth of young athletes, gradually begin to use barbell and other equipment for weight training, you can receive a multiplier effect. However, in order to continue the development of athletes in the future, we must fully consider the physiological characteristics of this period, the training should pay attention to “first ” and “post ” order.