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为了研究阻断乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）母婴传播经初次全程接种乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）疫苗后何时需再接种及其措施和效果，对９８例母亲是ＨＢＶ无症状携带者的高危新生儿，随机分成两组：单纯疫苗组５５例和注射高效价免疫球蛋白（ＨＢＩＧ）后再接种乙肝疫苗组４３例，随访７年。结果表明，初次免疫后第１年抗ＨＢｓ阳性者，单纯疫苗组４５例，抗体阳性率为８１．８％，抗体平均滴度１１１．１；加注ＨＢＩＧ组抗体阳性者３９例，抗体阳性率为９０．７％，抗体平均滴度４１０．４（ｔ＝４０．１，Ｐ＜０．０１）。对抗体阳性者逐年随访，单纯疫苗组第４年抗体平均滴度降至＜１０，为６．１，而加注ＨＢＩＧ组第５年为８．３。对两组中抗体消失或滴度＜１０者，给再注射１次原剂量乙肝疫苗见抗体又升达初次免疫后第１年的水平，保护性抗体又可持续达３年。提示阻断母婴传播，乙肝疫苗联合ＨＢＩＧ效果好，单纯疫苗组３至４年需加强注射；ＨＢＩＧ加乙肝疫苗组４至５年也必须加强注射。
In order to investigate the need for re-vaccination and the measures and effects of reintroducing hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine after the first full-course hepatitis B virus (HBV) maternal-to-infant transmission in order to study the high risk of 98 asymptomatic carriers of HBV in mothers Neonates were randomly divided into two groups: 55 cases in the simple vaccine group and 43 cases in the hepatitis B vaccine group after vaccination with high titer immunoglobulin (HBIG) for 7 years. The results showed that in the first year after primary immunization, 45 anti-HBs positive patients were immunized with the antibody, the positive rate was 81.8% and the average antibody titer was 111.1. The antibody positive rate in HBIG group was 39, the antibody positive rate Was 90.7%, the average antibody titer was 410.4 (t = 40.1, P <0.01). Antibody-positive patients were followed up year by year, the average antibody titer in the fourth year of the vaccine alone dropped to <10, was 6.1, while the fifth year of HBIG group 8.3. Antibody disappeared or titers were less than 10 in both groups, and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine was injected once again to reach the level of the first year after primary immunization. The protective antibodies could last up to 3 years. Prompt interruption of mother-to-child transmission, hepatitis B vaccine combined with HBIG effect, simple vaccine group 3 to 4 years need to strengthen the injection; HBIG plus hepatitis B vaccine group 4 to 5 years must also be strengthened injection.