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【目的】评估血液透析和腹膜透析患者血浆脑钠肽（BNP）水平以及与超声心动图参数的相关性。【方法】测定52例慢性血液透析（HD）和28例持续非卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）患者的血浆BNP水平，同时采用超声心动图检查测定患者心脏功能各参数并进行比较。【结果】血液透析组BNP值高于腹膜透析组[（419±76）pg／mL vs （193±56） pg／mL]（ P ＜0．05），两组左房大小[（39±5．0）mm vs （34±4．6） mm]，左室质量指数[（133±51） vs （108±40）]比较差异有显著性（ P ＜0．05）。【结论】腹膜透析患者BNP水平较血液透析患者低，超声心动图结果表明有更少的容量负荷。在无心衰症状的透析患者，发生明显的左心室肥大前，BNP水平的显著增加可能反映其早期的病理生理过程。“,”Objective]To evaluate the plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in two groups of different dialysis programs and correlate their variations with echocardiographic parameters .[Methods]Group A consisted of 52 patients on chronic hemodialysis (HD) while group B included 28 patients on continuous am‐bulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) .Echocardiography was performed and concomitantly the plasma levels of BNP were determined .[Results]The BNP values were higher in group A than those in group B (419 ± 76 vs 193 ± 56 pg/mL ,P < 0 .05) .Significant differences existed in the following echocardiographic parameters (group A vs group B):left atrial (LA) size (39 ± 5 .0 vs 34 ± 4 .6 mm) and left ventricular mass index (133 ± 51 vs 108 ± 40) .[Conclusion]The patients on CAPD have lower levels of BNP and echocardiographic data in‐dicate decreased volume overload .In asymptomatic patients ,marked increases in BNP levels may reflect early stages of pathological processes preceding the development of apparent left ventricular hypertrophy .