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在马克思之前,事实上还没有人提出现在的这种观点,即把科学和科学技术进步看成是由社会经济因素直接决定的社会现象。马克思主义把科学技术进步看成是社会历史发展的一个主要因素。马克思说明了科学是“总的历史发展过程的产物,是其精髓的抽象的反映,”是“历史的有力的杠杆”,是“最高意义上的革命力量”的道理。按照马克思的看法,科学技术进步是生产力中质的变化的过程。十九世纪形成的大机器生产正是生产力发展的新质阶段,正是实际运用科学的场所,这是“劳动资料取得机器这种物质存在方式,要求以自然力代替人力,以自觉应用
Before Marx, in fact, no one has yet put forward the view that the progress of science and technology is regarded as a social phenomenon that is directly determined by socio-economic factors. Marxism regards the progress of science and technology as a major factor in the development of social history. Marx explained that science is the product of the general process of historical development and the abstract reflection of its essence. It is the “powerful lever of history” and the truth of “the revolutionary forces in the highest sense.” According to Marx, scientific and technological progress is the process of qualitative change in productivity. The formation of a large machine in the nineteenth century is a new phase of the development of productive forces. It is exactly the place where science is actually used. This is the way in which the existence of a labor data acquisition machine, which requires the substitution of manpower by natural forces, for conscious application