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在日趋严格的排放法规推动下,先进的柴油机排放控制技术正在快速向前发展。本文将回顾这一领域中反映目前发展水平的典型研究成果。首先,笔者评估了重型和轻型柴油机排放控制的效率目标。从超细颗粒物对健康和排放控制技术的重要性出发,评述了超细颗粒物科学研究的重大进展和颗粒过滤器技术。除了介绍 SCR 和 LNT 的进展外,还阐述了 deNO_x 催化器的重要发展。最后,介绍了排放控制系统综合应用的若干实例。总的来说,排放控制领域的进展是令人信服的。研究表明,高效率排放控制系统是能够在所有道路车辆上实现的。关于超细颗粒物,有资料认为毫微级悬浮颗粒物主要来自润滑油。颗粒过滤器技术的重点是优化结构、探索过滤器再生的最佳途径和改善系统背压。SCR 系统 NO_x 控制技术的重点则集中在尿素喷射策略和系统优化,而 NO_x 吸附剂的性能和耐用性正在明显提高。颗粒过滤器和 NO_x 控制的系统综合应用正在重型柴油机上进行台架试验研究。
Driven by increasingly stringent emission regulations, advanced diesel engine emission control technologies are rapidly moving forward. This article will review the typical research findings reflecting current levels of development in this area. First, I assessed the efficiency goals for emissions control of heavy and light diesel engines. Proceeding from the importance of ultrafine particles for health and emission control technologies, major advances in the research of ultrafine particle science and particle filter technology are reviewed. In addition to introducing the progress of the SCR and LNT, an important development of the deNOx catalyst was also described. Finally, some examples of the integrated application of emission control system are introduced. Overall, progress in the area of emission control is compelling. Research shows that high-efficiency emission control systems can be implemented on all road vehicles. About ultrafine particles, there is information that nano-sized suspended particles mainly from lubricating oil. Particle filter technology focuses on optimizing the structure, exploring the best ways to regenerate the filter, and improving system backpressure. The focus of the NO_x control technology for SCR systems is on urea injection strategies and system optimization, while NO_x adsorbents are significantly improving their performance and durability. Systematic applications of particle filters and NO_x control are being bench-tested on heavy-duty diesel engines.