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本文主要阐述了超纯铯的提纯过程。文中首先对碱金属钠、钾、铷、铯在各种不同温度下的蒸气压作了分析比较。同时,对不同温度下碱金属的绝对蒸发速度作了计算和比较,从而探讨了铯的低温蒸馏分离钠、鉀、铷的可能性。其次,对铷、铯的反应热效应数据作了讨论,而且对铷、铯与氧的亲和力亦作了比较,探讨了利用控制氧化以分离金属铯中杂质铷的过程和方法。最后,阐述了高真空低温控制氧化蒸馏过程的一些条件及结果。通过本方法,制得的超纯铯的杂质含量为:Na 5×10~(-5)％,K 5×10~(-5)％Rb 4.6×10~(-5)％。此外,文中还对过程可能产生的问题作了简要的讨论。
This article describes the purification process of ultra pure cesium. In this paper, the vapor pressure of alkali metal sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium at various temperatures are analyzed and compared. At the same time, the absolute evaporation rates of alkali metals at different temperatures were calculated and compared, and the possibility of separation of sodium, potassium and rubidium by cryogenic distillation of cesium was discussed. Secondly, the thermal reaction data of rubidium and cesium are discussed, and the affinity between rubidium and cesium and oxygen is also compared. The process and method of controlling the oxidation of rubidium in metal cesium by controlling oxidation are discussed. Finally, some conditions and results of the high-vacuum and low-temperature oxidation distillation process are described. By this method, the impurity content of ultra-pure cesium prepared is: Na 5 × 10 -5%, K 5 × 10 -5% Rb 4.6 × 10 -5%. In addition, the article also made a brief discussion of possible problems arising from the process.