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膀胱癌是泌尿外科的常见疾病,约占全身癌肿的第5～7位。其致病因素已被证实的有:染料和橡胶工业接触苯胺和萘胺等原料,吸烟引起色氨酸的代谢异常等。据统计,1951～1971年膀胱癌发生于吸烟与不吸烟者以及男与女的比率均为5:1,近来妇女嗜烟有所增加,各家报告的男与女发生肿瘤者已改为2:1。60～70岁的男性发生膀胱癌较多,可能有残余尿存在,致癌物质与膀胱接触时间增加,容易导致肿瘤发生。本病最先出现的症状约80％为无痛性血尿,仅20％有膀胱刺激征。早期诊断主要依靠尿液脱落细咆、膀胱镜和活体组织检查等。活体标本可经尿道电切取得,取材应着重于癌肿的表面、基底部及肿瘤周边、深层与正常组织的
Bladder cancer is a common urological disease, accounting for systemic cancer in the first 5 to 7. The risk factors have been confirmed: dye and rubber industry access to aniline and naphthylamine and other raw materials, smoking caused by the abnormal metabolism of tryptophan. According to statistics, from 1951 to 1971, bladder cancer occurred in smokers and non-smokers, as well as the ratio of men and women were 5: 1, women have recently increased smoke, each reported male and female tumors have been changed to 2 : 1.60 to 70-year-old men have more bladder cancer, there may be residual urine, carcinogenic substances and bladder contact time increases, easily lead to tumor. The first symptom of this disease is about 80% of painless hematuria, only 20% of bladder irritation. Early diagnosis depends mainly on urine shedding roar, cystoscopy and biopsy. Live specimens can be obtained by transurethral resection of urethra, the material should be focused on the surface of the cancer, the basal and tumor periphery, deep and normal tissue