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既往人们认为脾脏是一个无用的器官。自五十年代开始,学者们认识到脾切除以及先天性无脾的儿童(Ivemark综合征)均易罹患脾切除后感染(以下简称PSI)。脾切除后感染经常表现为严重的致命性败血症与脑膜炎。其临床经过大多呈暴发性,在发病后12—24小时内可发展到危重状态甚至死亡,DIC、休克、肾上脲出血(华一佛氏二氏综合征)常可发生。患儿血中可培养出大量的细菌(>10~6/立方毫米)。引起PSI最常见的细菌为肺炎双球菌,其次为流感嗜血干菌,少数为脑膜炎双球菌、大肠干菌、金葡等。病死率估计可高达70％。PSI多发生于5～6岁以下的患儿,但成人也不能幸免。
Past people think the spleen is a useless organ. Since the 1950s, scholars have realized that splenectomy and congenital absence of the spleen (Ivemark’s syndrome) are susceptible to post-splenectomy infection (PSI). Infections after splenectomy often manifest as severe fatal septicemia and meningitis. Most of its clinical after the outbreaks, within 12-24 hours after onset can develop to a critical condition or even death, DIC, shock, renal bleeding (Huayu Forster’s syndrome) can often occur. Pediatric blood can be cultured in a large number of bacteria (> 10 ~ 6 / cubic millimeter). PSI caused the most common bacteria pneumococcus, followed by influenza Haemophilus influenzae, a small number of meningitis, intestinal bacteria, gold and Portugal. The fatality rate is estimated to be as high as 70%. PSI occurred in children under 5 to 6 years old, but adults can not be spared.