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休克、创伤、手术以及毒物等因素均可引起急性肾功能衰竭(ART)。各种类型休克,均使血液动力学改变,出现微循环灌注障碍。在淤血期时,组织缺氧和酸中毒继续加重。肾组织常表现为急性肾小管坏死。而肾脏损害可从功能性发展至肾实质性损害。由于肾血流量降低,肾小球滤过率(GFR)明显下降;肾脏内血流重新分布,促使肾小管早期坏死;GFR更加下降,血液中氮质潴留,血中非蛋白氮、尿素、肌酐、尿酸及无机磷等含量均可升高;酸硷平衡失调,常为代谢性酸中毒合并呼吸性硷中毒。在肾实质明显受损时,上述血中潴留物益加上升,肾小管内氢离子和重碳酸钠交换回收功能障碍,机体内硷储备降低,休克使肺的代偿调节机能减弱,从而使代谢性酸中毒加
Acute renal failure (ART) can be caused by factors such as shock, trauma, surgery and poisons. Various types of shock, hemodynamic changes, microcirculation perfusion disorder. During congestion, tissue hypoxia and acidosis continue to worsen. Renal tissue often shows acute tubular necrosis. And kidney damage can develop from functional to substantial renal damage. As the renal blood flow decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased significantly; kidney redistribution of blood flow to promote early renal tubular necrosis; GFR decreased, blood nitrogen retention, blood non-protein nitrogen, urea, creatinine , Uric acid and inorganic phosphorus and other content can be increased; acid-base balance disorders, often metabolic acidosis with respiratory alkalosis. When the renal parenchyma is significantly damaged, the above-mentioned retention of blood is increased, renal tubular hydrogen ions and sodium bicarbonate exchange recovery dysfunction, decreased alkaline reserve, shock compensatory regulation of lung function, so that metabolism Acidosis plus