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应用微区试验研究了在种植小麦的情况下,不同施肥水平对杂草及其防除效果的影响。结果表明,在缺磷土壤上单施氮肥,杂草发生和生长受到抑制;增施磷肥,氮肥效应得到充分发挥,杂草发生和生长迅猛提高。杂草根系发达,对钾肥不敏感。有机肥养分完全,显著促进杂草发生和生长。在不施肥(对照)及适合杂草和小麦生长的平衡施肥处理区(NP和NPK),麦田杂草的危害(小麦减产百分率)最为严重。杂草危害程度和施除草剂的增产效果均与小麦长势呈极显著负相关(相关系数分别是-0.5121、-0.5418,n=27)。肥料对甲磺隆钠盐杂草防效的影响与施药时间有关。在小麦苗前至苗后早期施药,防效高,且不受施肥影响;施药过迟,杂草长大,防效下降。研究结果还表明,杂草发生和生长在受施肥影响的同时,也受小麦长势和长相的影响。
The effects of different fertilization levels on weeds and their control effects were studied using wheat-plot experiments. The results showed that single application of nitrogen fertilizer on the phosphate-deficient soil inhibited the occurrence and growth of weeds; the effect of increasing phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was fully exerted, and the occurrence and growth of weeds were rapidly increased. Developed weed roots, insensitive to potash. Organic fertilizer completely nutrient-rich, significantly promote weed occurrence and growth. In the non-fertilization (control) and balanced fertilization treatment areas (NP and NPK) for weed and wheat growth, the weed hazard in wheat fields (% wheat yield reduction) was the most serious. The degree of weed harm and the herbicide yield increase were both significantly and negatively correlated with the growth of wheat (correlation coefficient -0.5121, -0.5418, n = 27 respectively). The effect of fertilizers on the control effect of weeds on metsulfuron sodium is related to the application time. Early application of wheat seedling to the early post-emergence, high anti-efficiency, and not affected by fertilization; spraying too late, weeds grow, decreased control efficiency. The results also show that the occurrence and growth of weeds are affected by fertilizers, but also by wheat growth and appearance.