论文部分内容阅读
BACKGROUND: Expression of Fos in neurons of periaqueductal gray (PAG) is used to reflect the excitability. However, changes of expression of Fos in neurons of PAG are caused by injured electrostimulation after simulated weightlessness, and the relationship between pretreatment and injection of succinylcholine has not been determined yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of expression of Fos in PAG induced by injured electrostimulation, pretreatment and injection of succinylcholine at 2 weeks after simulated weightlessness. DESIGN: Observational and controlled animal study. SETTING: Department of Physiology, Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education. MATERIALS: A total of 24 adult female SD rats, of clean grade and weighing 180-220 g, were selected in this study. METHODS: The experiment was completed in the Experimental Animal Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University. ① All rats were randomly divided into 2 groups according to body mass: simulated weightlessness group and control group with 12 in each group. And then, each group was also divided into 3 subgroups: electrostimulation group, succinylcholine-pretreatment group and succinylcholine-injection group with 4 in each subgroup. ② The model of weightlessness was simulated by tail-suspended female rats, which were described and modified by Cheng Jie. Rats in normal control group were given the same interventions as simulated weightlessness group except for tail-suspended. ③ Experimental method: The rats in electrostimulation group were given nociceptive stimulus by a pair of subcutaneous electrodes inserted into 1 and 5 claw of left hindlimb. The stimulus (current: 10 mA; duration: 1 ms; interval: 1 s) lasted for 30 minutes. The rats in succinylcholine-pretreatment group received stimulus after intravenous administration of succinylcholine, rats in succinylcholine-injection group were not given stimulus, just received succinylcholine. ④ All rats were perfused and fixed after 2 hours from the end of stimulation. The brains were removed, and serial frozen sections of midbrain were stained using immunocytochemical method, observed and taken photos under light-microscope. The number and morphological characters of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-IR) neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG were investigated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The alterations in number and morphological characters of Fos-IR neurons in ventrolateral PAG of all rats. RESULTS: A total of 24 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① The morphological changes of Fos-IR neurons: The expressions of Fos in ventrolateral part of PAG were observed in both control and simulated weightlessness groups rats after being given nociceptive stimulus. As compared with control group, Fos-IR neurons in simulated weightlessness group were dyed lightly, cellular integrity was impaired, and cellular verge was unclear. ② The numbers of Fos-IR neurons: In control group, the numbers of Fos-IR neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG in simulated weightlessness group were obviously lower than succinylcholine-pretreatment group, but obviously higher than succinylcholine-injection group (46.94±3.38, 71.06±8.96 and 35.04±4.62, respectively, P < 0.05). In 14-day simulated weightlessness group, the numbers of Fos-IR neurons in electrostimulation group were also obviously lower than succinylcholine-pretreatment group, and obviously higher than succinylcholine-injection group (27.77±3.27, 32.91±2.99 and 11.75±1.00, respectively, P < 0.05). The numbers of Fos-IR neurons in all subgroups in control group were obviously higher than those subgroups in simulated weightlessness group. Compared with electrostimulation group, the percentage of expression of Fos in ventrolateral part of PAG responsed to nociceptive stimulus after administration of succinylcholine (SCH) was increased to 51.83% in control group and 18.51% in simulated weightlessness group. CONCLUSION: ① The expression of Fos in neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG were increased by the pretreatment of SCH before nociceptive stimulus. ② Nociceptive stimulus could increase the expression of Fos in neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG. ③ The numbers of Fos-IR neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG were decreased obviously after 2-week simulated weightlessness.
BACKGROUND: Expression of Fos in neurons of periaqueductal gray (PAG) is used to reflect the excitability. However, changes of expression of Fos in neurons of PAG are caused by injured electrostimulation after simulated weightlessness, and the relationship between pretreatment and injection of succinylcholine has OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of expression of Fos in PAG induced by injured electrostimulation, pretreatment and injection of succinylcholine at 2 weeks after simulated weightlessness. DESIGN: Observational and controlled animal study. SETTING: Department of Physiology, Medical School , Xi’an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education. MATERIALS: A total of 24 adult female SD rats, of clean grade and weighing 180-220 g, were selected in this study. METHODS: The experiment was completed in the Experimental Animal Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University. ① All rats were randomly divided i nto 2 groups according to body mass: simulated weightlessness group and control group with 12 in each group. And then, each group was also divided into 3 subgroups: electrostimulation group, succinylcholine-pretreatment group and succinylcholine-injection group with 4 in each subgroup. ② The model of weightlessness was was simulated by tail-suspended female rats, which were described and modified by Cheng Jie. Rats in normal control group were given the same interventions as simulated weightlessness group except for tail-suspended. ③ Experimental method: The rats in electrostimulation group were given nociceptive stimulus by a pair of subcutaneous electrodes inserted into 1 and 5 claw of left hindlimb. The stimulus (current: 10 mA; duration: 1 ms; interval: 1 s) lasted for 30 minutes. The rats in succinylcholine- pretreatment group received stimulus after intravenous administration of succinylcholine, rats in succinylcholine-injection group were not given stimulus, just received succiny lcholine. ④ All rats were perfused and fixed after 2 hours from the end of stimulation. The brains were removed, and serial frozen sections of midbrain were stained using immunocytochemical method, observed and taken photos under light-microscope. The number and morphological characters of MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The alterations in number and morphological characters of Fos-IR neurons in ventrolateral PAG of all rats. RESULTS: A total of 24 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① The morphological changes of Fos-IR neurons: The expressions of Fos in ventrolateral part of PAG were observed in both control and simulated weightlessness groups rats after being given nociceptive stimulus. As compared with control group, Fos-IR neurons in The weight oflessos group were dyed lightly, cellular integrity was impaired, and cellular verge was unclear. ② The numbers of Fos-IR neurons: In control group, the numbers of Fos-IR neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG in simulated weightlessness group were obviously lower than succinylcholine-pretreatment group, but obviously higher than succinylcholine-injection group (46.94 ± 3.38, 71.06 ± 8.96 and 35.04 ± 4.62, respectively, P <0.05 ) In 14-day simulated weightlessness group, the numbers of Fos-IR neurons in electrostimulation groups were also lower lower than succinylcholine-pretreatment groups, and obviously higher than succinylcholine-injection groups (27.77 ± 3.27, 32.91 ± 2.99 and 11.75 ± 1.00 , respectively, P <0.05). The numbers of Fos-IR neurons in all subgroups in control group were obviously higher than those subgroups in simulated weightlessness group. Compared with electrostimulation group, the percentage of expression of Fos in ventrolateral part of PAG responsed to nociceptive stimulus after administration of succinylcholine (SCH) was increased to 51.83% in control group and 18.51% in simulated weightlessness group. CONCLUSION: ① The expressionof Fos in neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG were increased by the pretreatment of SCH before nociceptive stimulus. ② Nociceptive stimulus could increase the expression of Fos in neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG. ③ The numbers of Fos-IR neurons in ventrolateral part of PAG were displayed obviously after after 2-week simulated weightlessness.