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目的探讨早期干预对早产儿体格、智能发育及运动发育的影响,寻找更合理的治疗流程。方法将183例早产儿列入本研究中,其中111例早产儿除接受一般育儿指导外,均进行早产儿早期干预,为干预组。72例因各种原因仅接受一般育儿指导和定期复查,为未干预组。干预组按0～2岁早期干预大纲[1]进行早期系统干预,均由同一组治疗师进行,专人进行体格发育、神经系统检查、发育商测定等。结果干预组与未干预组患儿在12月、18月时身长、体重、头围比较,差异均无显著性(P均>0.05);智力发育指数(MDI)比较:6月龄时,干预组比非干预组高4.5分,差异无显著性(P>0.05);12月龄、18月龄时干预组比未干预组分别高6.3分和7.4分,差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。运动发育指数(PDI)比较,6月龄、12月龄、18月龄时干预组较未干预组分别高8.3分、9.3分、和11.3分,差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。干预组脑性瘫痪、智力低下、运动低下的发生率都较未干预组低,差异均有显著性(P均<0.05)。结论早期系统干预早产儿可促进其智力和运动发育,减少脑瘫、智力低下、运动低下的发生率,应及早对早产儿进行早期系统干预治疗,提高早产儿的远期生存质量。
Objective To explore the effect of early intervention on physical, mental development and motor development in premature infants and to find a more reasonable treatment process. Methods A total of 183 preterm infants were enrolled in this study. Among them, 111 preterm infants received intervention in early preterm infants in addition to general guidance of child care. 72 cases for various reasons only accept general guidance and regular re-child care for the non-intervention group. Intervention group according to 0 ~ 2 years old early intervention outline [1] for early systemic intervention, by the same group of therapists, special physical development, neurological examination, developmental business determination. Results There was no significant difference in body length, body weight and head circumference between the intervention group and the non-intervention group at December and 18 months (P> 0.05). The comparison of mental development index (MDI) at 6 months (P> 0.05). Compared with the non-intervention group, the difference was significant (P> 0.05), and the difference between the 12-month-old and 18-month-old groups was 6.3 and 7.4, 0.05). (P <0.05). There was significant difference between the intervention group and the control group (P <0.05). There was significant difference between the intervention group and the non-intervention group at 6 months, 12 months and 18 months of age. The incidence of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and hypomotion in the intervention group were lower than those in the non-intervention group (all P <0.05). Conclusion Early systemic intervention in preterm infants can promote their mental and physical development, reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy, mental retardation and hypomotility. Early systemic intervention should be given to premature infants to improve the long-term quality of life of premature infants.